Problem 3: 1
Determine the availability of water at its critical point. |
Problem 3: 2
Steam is expanded in an adiabatic steady-flow steam turbine from
1000 kPa, 280 oC to
120 oC. Calculate
the second law effectiveness of this turbine when its efficiency is
70%. Assume that the system is an adiabatic, steady-flow stream
turbine with a single inlet and outlet.
Answer: n2nd = 0.846
Problem 3: 3
Steam expands adiabatically in a turbine from 2 MPa, 400
oC to 0.4 MPa,
250 oC. Calculate:
(i)
the isentropic efficiency of the process;
(ii)
the loss of exergy of the system assuming an atmospheric
temperature of 15 oC;
(iii)
the effectiveness of the process
Answer:
(i)
isentropic efficiency = 69.6%
(ii)
loss of exergy = 355.9 kJ/kg
(iii)
effectiveness = 79.6%
Problem 3: 4
Air at 15 oC is to be heated to
40 oC by mixing it in a steady
flow with a quantity of air at 90 oC.
Assuming that the mixing process is adiabatic and neglecting
changes in kinetic and potential energy, calculate the ratio of the
mass flow of air initially at 90 oC
to that initially at 15 oC.
Calculate also the effectiveness of the heating process if the
atmospheric temperature is 15 oC.
Answer:
(a)
loss of exergy (90 oC) = 3.65 kJ/kg
(b)
increase of exergy (15 oC) = 1.195 kJ/kg
(c)
effectiveness = 32.7%
Problem 3: 5
A liquid of specific heat 6.3 kJ/kg K is heated at approximately constant
pressure from 15 to 70 oC by passing it
through tubes which are immersed in a furnace. The furnace temperature is
constant at 1400 oC. Calculate the
effectiveness of the heating process when the atmospheric temperature is
10 oC.
Answer:
effectiveness = 12.1%